“A short course on positive parenting practices, delivered to parents in a fashion similar to pre-natal classes, might be helpful.  The aim would be to provide parents with practical ways to monitor their children’s behaviour, engage with them positively and encourage their independence.”  Ruth Chao and J. Douglas Willms, “The Effects of Parenting Practices on Children’s Outcomes” in Willms, J. D. ed (2002) Vulnerable Children. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press. P. 165